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A recent study showed that stem cell exosomes (N-Vs) treated with NMN (Nicotinamide nucleotide mononucleotide) can alleviate the cardiac injury and dysfunction after myocardial infarction. The research results provide new ideas for the treatment of heart disease patients.
According to the 2019 Global Health Assessment Report released by the World Health Organization (WHO), ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in humans from 2000 to 2019. Moreover, this cause of death has not only been the "number one killer" threatening human health for many years, but also has a clear increasing trend. The etiology of ischemic heart disease is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary artery, which leads to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. Current treatment methods include surgery and drugs (such as aspirin and Clopidogrel).
Yanan Pu and others from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University found that the exosomes (N-Vs) secreted by stem cells treated with NMN may reduce the cardiac injury and dysfunction after myocardial infarction. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, N-Vs injection can improve cardiac function, increase angiogenesis, and reduce tissue damage. Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells, especially those treated with NMN, can alleviate heart damage caused by myocardial infarction. These results indicate that NMN enhances extracellular vesicle mediated angiogenesis, which has the potential to improve blood flow.
Researchers surgically induced Coronary occlusion to cause cardiac tissue damage and simulate myocardial infarction. Then, they injected untreated stem cell extracellular vesicles or NMN treated stem cell extracellular vesicles into rats at the edge of the damaged tissue. Four weeks later, it was found that N-Vs further increased the Ejection fraction, indicating that the repair of cardiac function was strengthened. After myocardial infarction, untreated stem cell exosomes can increase the density of Arteriole and capillaries in rat heart tissue. In addition, N-Vs further increase the density of arteries and capillaries.
Yanan Pu and colleagues found that untreated stem cell extracellular vesicles can reduce the degree of fibrosis, while N-Vs can further reduce fibrosis. In addition, untreated extracellular vesicles can reduce the degree of programmed cell death (apoptosis), while N-Vs further reduce the apoptosis rate. These findings indicate that NMN enhances stem cell exosome-mediated cardiac tissue repair.
The study author stated that extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells can improve cardiac function by promoting angiogenesis, promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing fibrosis, and improving cardiac function.
In the future, NAD+enhanced Cell therapy may become an effective method to treat many diseases. Researchers have used NAD+enhancer NMN to enhance the therapeutic effect of stem cell derived exosomes, opening up new prospects for cell-free therapy. If this method is feasible, NAD+enhancers or other stem cell recovery drugs will enhance the function of stem cells and their extracellular vesicles, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect. This research provides a new direction for the treatment of Nervous system disease, Respiratory disease, fracture healing and cardiovascular diseases.
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