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In the aquaculture industry, with the complexity of the breeding environment and the increase in breeding density, aquatic animals face many challenges, such as slow growth, low immunity and oxidative stress. In recent years, glutathione (GSH), as a natural antioxidant and immunomodulator, has gradually become a hot topic in aquaculture research, and it has shown significant potential in improving the health and growth of aquatic animals.
Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, which is widely present in organisms. It has strong antioxidant capacity, can remove free radicals in the body, and maintain the normal physiological function of cells. In addition, GSH can regulate the immune system and enhance the disease resistance of aquatic animals.
In the breeding experiment of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), researchers found that adding an appropriate amount of glutathione (300 mg/kg) to the feed can significantly improve the growth performance of fish, including weight gain rate and specific growth rate. This suggests that glutathione can be used as an effective growth promoter to help aquatic animals better absorb nutrients and achieve rapid growth.
For Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), studies have shown that supplementing 600-900 mg/kg of glutathione can significantly enhance their immunity and increase the activity of immune-related enzymes such as lysozyme and acid phosphatase. These enzymes play an important role in resisting pathogen invasion and maintaining the health of crabs. Glutathione helps crabs better cope with the threat of pathogens by regulating the expression of immune-related genes.
The antioxidant capacity and immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) will be seriously affected under ammonia nitrogen stress. However, by adding glutathione (500 mg/kg) to the feed, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in carp can be significantly improved, thereby reducing the toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on carp and protecting its health.
Glutathione has broad application prospects in aquaculture. It can be used as an effective feed additive to help aquatic animals better cope with environmental stress, improve growth rate and immunity. However, the application of glutathione also faces some challenges. For example, different aquatic animals have different requirements and sensitivities for glutathione, which need to be precisely regulated according to specific breeding objects and environmental conditions. In addition, the cost of glutathione is relatively high. How to reduce the cost while ensuring the effect is also one of the future research directions.
As a natural antioxidant and immunomodulator, glutathione shows great application potential in aquaculture. It can promote the growth of aquatic animals, improve immunity and antioxidant capacity, and help them better cope with environmental stress. In the future, with further research on the mechanism of action of glutathione and the continuous improvement of application technology, it is expected to become an indispensable green additive in aquaculture, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
[1] Xue S, Chen S, Ge Y, et al. Regulation of glutathione on growth performance, biochemical parameters, non-specific immunity, and related genes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to ammonia[J]. Aquaculture, 2022, 546: 737241.
[2] Liu J D, Liu W B, Zhang D D, et al. Dietary reduced glutathione supplementation can improve growth, antioxidant capacity, and immunity on Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020, 100: 300-308.
[3] Xiong C, Chi Y, Wang B, et al. Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2024, 104(5): 1566-1578.
*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.
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