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Citicoline, as an endogenous compound and cholinergic precursor, plays an increasingly important role in the health and treatment of the nervous system. In recent years, with the in-depth study of its mechanism of action and clinical application, the key role of citicoline in neuroprotection, improvement of cognitive function and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases has gradually been revealed.
Citicoline is a key intermediate for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which is an important component of cell membranes. Supplementing citicoline can promote the repair and stability of cell membranes and reduce the damage of nerve cells caused by ischemia, oxidative stress and other factors. In addition, citicoline can also stimulate the synthesis of acetylcholine, which, as an important neurotransmitter, plays a key role in memory, learning and cognitive function.
In terms of neuroprotection, citicoline has multiple mechanisms. It can reduce the release of excitatory amino acids (such as glutamate), thereby preventing neurons from dying due to overexcitation. At the same time, citicoline can also reduce neuroinflammation and reduce the production of inflammatory factors, which often lead to vascular damage. In addition, citicoline further protects nerve cells by promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism and the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes (such as glutathione).
Citicoline is particularly effective in improving cognitive function. Studies have shown that citicoline can significantly improve cognition. In a clinical study of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mixed dementia, patients' MMSE scores were significantly improved after treatment with citicoline combined with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) or memantine. This shows that citicoline has a significant synergistic effect in improving cognitive function.
In addition, citicoline can also improve patients' emotional and behavioral symptoms. In a 20-day clinical trial, patients' depressive symptoms were significantly reduced after using citicoline, and their daily living activities (such as instrumental daily living activities, IADL) were also improved. These results suggest that citicoline can not only improve cognitive function, but also have a positive impact on the overall quality of life of patients.
The safety and tolerability of citicoline have also been widely recognized. In multiple clinical studies, the use of citicoline did not cause serious adverse reactions. This makes citicoline an ideal neuroprotective and cognitive function improvement ingredient.
As a key cholinergic precursor, citicoline plays an important role in neuroprotection, cognitive function improvement, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through multiple mechanisms. With further research on its mechanism of action and the continuous expansion of clinical applications, citicoline is expected to play a greater role in the treatment of neurological diseases.
[1] Gareri P, Cotroneo A M, Montella R, et al. Citicoline: A Cholinergic Precursor with a Pivotal Role in Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease[J]. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2024, 100(2): 725-733.
[2] Bozhenko N L. Evaluation of neuromodulatory effects of long-term treatment with citicoline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J]. INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2025, 21(1): 45-51.
*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.
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