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Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a newly discovered form of vitamin B3, has become a rising star in health and disease research. NR is valued because it can significantly increase the level of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in cells. NAD+ is an important coenzyme in cells and participates in many key biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair and cell signaling.
Declining NAD+ levels with age have been associated with multiple pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and hearing loss. As a potent precursor of NAD+, NR can combat these pathological conditions by supplementing NAD+, demonstrating its potential in health promotion and disease prevention.
The production of NR can be achieved through two pathways: biosynthesis and chemical synthesis. In yeast, NR biosynthesis can be accomplished through the dephosphorylation process of NMN. In mammalian cells, endogenous biosynthesis of NR has also been demonstrated. In terms of chemical synthesis, although the N-glycosidic bonds in NR molecules are relatively unstable, scientists have developed a variety of synthetic methods to produce NR with high stereoselectivity, yield, and synthetic simplicity.
The role of NR in regulating normal physiology and pathophysiology has attracted much attention. Studies have shown that NR can stimulate the activity of sirtuins, improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and provide benefits to health span and lifespan extension. Especially in neuroinflammation, fibrosis, and aging, the role of NR has been widely discussed and has shown the potential to prevent or alleviate various pathological conditions in multiple model organisms.
As a NAD+ enhancer, NR's potential in health promotion and disease prevention has been continuously proven. With the development of chemical and enzymatic engineering methods, the production of NR has become more efficient and economical. The clinical significance of NR in metabolic disorders, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases is being explored in multiple clinical trials. Future research will further reveal whether NR can transform preliminary research results into clinical applications and bring more benefits to human health.
[1] Sharma C, Donu D, Cen Y. Emerging role of nicotinamide riboside in health and diseases[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(19): 3889.
*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.
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